Fractional-order dynamics of human papillomavirus

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a reproductive tract infection common to sexually active human. Many of the low-risk HPV infections clear up without any medications but the High-risk HPV-related diseases can remain in the body for a long time. Most of the cases of cervical cancers and other genital cancers are consequences of HPV-related diseases. As HPV-related diseases are on the increase and controlling the spread is becoming difficult, this present study explores the influence of vaccination on the spread of the diseases. A fractional order mathematical model that captures different HPV risk level is developed in this study. The basic reproduction ratio is obtained for the fractional order model and a locally asymptomatically stable disease-free equilibrium is shown to exist. A comprehensive analysis of the effect of vaccination efficacy and rate of vaccination is carried out and the results indicate that the spread of HPV infection can be mitigated by vaccination.